Debt Education

Good Debt vs. Bad Debt: What's the Difference?

By Santosh Paighan • Updated: November 2025

"Debt" is a scary word, but wealthy people use debt as a tool to get richer. The key is knowing the difference between a liability that drains you and leverage that builds you up.

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What is "Good Debt"?

Good debt is money you borrow to buy an asset that increases in value or generates income. It puts money in your pocket eventually.

  • Mortgages: Real estate tends to appreciate over time.
  • Student Loans: Education can increase your lifetime earning potential (if the degree has ROI).
  • Business Loans: Capital to grow a profitable business.

What is "Bad Debt"?

Bad debt is money borrowed to buy things that lose value (depreciate) or vanish immediately. It takes money out of your pocket.

  • Credit Cards (High Interest): Paying 20%+ interest on dinner or clothes is wealth destruction.
  • Car Loans (Expensive): Cars lose value the moment you drive them off the lot.
  • Payday Loans: These are predatory and keep you in a cycle of poverty.

The Rule of Thumb

If the interest rate on the debt is higher than what you could earn by investing (e.g., >7%), pay it off immediately. If it's low (e.g., <4%), you might be better off investing the difference.

SP

Written by

Santosh Paighan

Santosh is the founder of FinanceSmartUSA, dedicated to building transparent financial tools for the US market.

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